前列腺癌
Prostate 癌症 is a form of 癌症 that develops in the prostate. It is the most common type of 癌症 found in American men, 除了皮肤癌, and it is the second leading cause of 癌症 death in men. One man in nine will develop prostate 癌症 in his lifetime, 每41名男性中就有一人会死于这种疾病.
前列腺是一种只存在于男性身上的腺体. It is located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It contains cells that produce some of the fluid (semen) that protects and nourishes sperm, 还有尿道, 尿管:携带尿液的管子, 穿过它的中心. The size of the prostate varies with age; in younger men, 它有核桃那么大, 而, 老年男性, 它通常要大得多.
前列腺癌的成因?
Prostate 癌症 is caused by certain changes in the DNA of a normal prostate cell. DNA makes up our genes, which control how our cells behave. DNA遗传自我们的父母, 像这样, a small percentage (about 5 to 10 percent) of prostate 癌症s are linked to these inherited changes. Other DNA changes naturally occur during a person’s lifetime.
前列腺癌的危险因素有哪些?
根据美国癌症协会的说法, the following risk factors are associated with prostate 癌症:
年龄: Age is the strongest risk factor for prostate 癌症. The chance of getting prostate 癌症 goes up quickly after a man reaches age 50 and nearly two out of every three prostate 癌症s are found in men over the age of 65.
种族: Prostate 癌症 is more common in 非洲n-American men than in men of other races. 非洲n-American men are also more likely to have a more advanced disease when it is found and are more likely to die of the disease. Prostate 癌症 occurs less often in Asian-American and Hispanic/Latino men than in non-Hispanic whites.
国籍: Prostate 癌症 is most common in North America and northwestern Europe, 在亚洲不太常见, 非洲, 中南美洲. More screening (testing of people who don't have any symptoms) in some developed countries may, 在某种程度上, 说明这一点.
家族病史: Men with close family members (father or brothers) who have had prostate 癌症 are more likely to get it themselves, especially if their relatives were young when they developed the disease.
基因: Scientists have found some inherited genes that seem to raise prostate 癌症 risk, but they likely account for only a small number of overall cases.
饮食: Men who eat a lot of red meat or high-fat dairy products may have a greater risk of developing prostate 癌症. These men also tend to eat fewer fruits and vegetables. Doctors are not sure which of these factors causes the risk to go up.
肥胖: While the link between prostate 癌症 and obesity is still being researched, some studies have found that obese men may be at greater risk of having more advanced prostate 癌症 and of dying from prostate 癌症.
练习: Exercise has not been shown to reduce prostate 癌症 risk in most studies, but some studies have found that high levels of physical activity, 尤其是老年男性, 可以降低患晚期前列腺癌的风险.
吸烟: A recent study linked smoking to a small increase in the risk of death from prostate 癌症. This is a new finding and requires more research.
前列腺癌的症状有哪些?
Prostate 癌症 may not cause signs or symptoms in its early stages, 然而, 在更高级的阶段, 症状可能包括:
- 尿中带血
- 精液中有血
- 骨痛
- 尿流中的力量减弱
- 盆腔不适
- 腿部肿胀
- 麻烦小便
How Can 前列腺癌 Be Prevented or Delayed?
- Eat fewer calories and exercise more so that you maintain a healthy weight even as you age.
- Try to keep the amount of fat you get from red meat and dairy products to a minimum.
- 注意钙的摄入量. Do not take supplemental doses far above the recommended daily allowance. Some calcium is okay, but avoid taking more than 1,500 mg of calcium a day.
- 多吃鱼. Evidence from several studies suggests that fish can help protect against prostate 癌症 because they have “good fat,尤其是omega-3脂肪酸. Avoid trans-fatty acids, like those found in margarine.
- Try to incorporate tomatoes that are cooked with olive oil, which has also been shown to be beneficial in preventing prostate 癌症, and cruciferous vegetables (like broccoli and cauliflower) into several of your weekly meals. 大豆和绿茶也可能是有益的.
- 避免吸烟,限制饮酒.
- Seek medical treatment for stress, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and/or depression.
- Avoid over-supplementation by taking multi-vitamins, if necessary. Too many vitamins, especially folate, may fuel the 癌症.
- 放松,享受生活. Reducing stress in the workplace and home can improve your survivorship and lead to a longer, 快乐的生活.
- 如果你的年龄在50岁以上, or if you are age 40 or older and 非洲n-American or have a family history of prostate 癌症, talk to your physician about an annual rectal examination and PSA (prostate-specific antigen) blood test.
To learn more about preventing and/or treating prostate 癌症, talk to your physician or visit www.癌症.org.
欲了解更多信息或与 护士导航器 about your early detection plan, call the Frye Regional Cancer Support Center at 828.315.3596选项2.